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keel
Ledger
65,294,246
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
7s

VELO against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

VELO / USDC

GDM4…2M5M

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
68.87 USDC (shortened; full value 68.8700921756212134985068525 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy182.45 USDC (shortened; full value 182.4561125274594461716650777099 USDC)sell81.58 USDC (shortened; full value 81.585703641477508606440889980384228307974111764734 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
275.48 USDC (shortened; full value 275.48036870248485399402741 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
4 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Collateral ceiling

The most this asset could back at each reading: the lower of the liquidation and manipulation limits.

Higher at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
12.44 USDC (shortened; full value 12.4417378865839513736340048253944672200617697338125 USDC)
Highest
199.90 USDC (shortened; full value 199.9010990510085076725684675 USDC)
2026-10-28T02:54:28Z — 2026-11-04T01:54:29Z
Max safe collateral
68.87 USDC (shortened; full value 68.8700921756212134985068525 USDC)
168 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOWthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Nothing tradable within 2%nowZERO_DEPTH_2PCT57 of 168

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
275.48 USDC (shortened; full value 275.48036870248485399402741 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
275.48 USDC (shortened; full value 275.48036870248485399402741 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh