Skip to content
keel
Ledger
65,293,526
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
5s

VELO against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

VELO / USDC

GDM4…2M5M

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
68.96 USDC (shortened; full value 68.96961592592444253421001 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy183.06 USDC (shortened; full value 183.0603042509346581043496484098 USDC)sell56.88 USDC (shortened; full value 56.88144110738493014660355261433678853917697595524 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
275.87 USDC (shortened; full value 275.87846370369777013684004 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
4 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Buy-side depth

What an order can absorb before the price moves against a buyer. The rungs are nested, so one scale covers all three.

Higher at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
0 USDC
Highest
234.24 USDC (shortened; full value 234.2475953392089425216096882403 USDC)
2026-10-28T00:54:28Z — 2026-11-04T00:39:29ZOne scale across every line on this chart
2% from mid
0 USDC
5% from mid
183.05 USDC (shortened; full value 183.0564132433047188717710509454 USDC)
10% from mid
201.60 USDC (shortened; full value 201.6062840363741972082632388687 USDC)
169 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOWthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Nothing tradable within 2%nowZERO_DEPTH_2PCT56 of 169

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
275.87 USDC (shortened; full value 275.87846370369777013684004 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
275.87 USDC (shortened; full value 275.87846370369777013684004 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh