Keel — Stellar liquidity risk

ETH / USDC

GBFX…SOCC

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral: 28.69 USDC (shortened; full value 28.695850388483939048023834071027981628241529287526 USDC)Limited by liquidation depth
Depth within 5%: buy27.78 USDC (shortened; full value 27.7850011343837807684643025448 USDC)sell28.31 USDC (shortened; full value 28.318077050361855824834637007942680273391464888553 USDC)
Cost to move +50%: 5,212.04 USDC (shortened; full value 5212.0475955 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks: 6 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window

Resolution

Source

What an order can absorb before the price moves against a buyer. The rungs are nested, so one scale covers all three.

Higher at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest: 0 USDC
Highest: 4,989.14 USDC (shortened; full value 4989.1460499661974736345169779787 USDC)

2026-10-04T04:53:37Z — 2026-10-25T00:08:58ZOne scale across every line on this chart

2% from mid: 39.30 USDC (shortened; full value 39.308085282972276291151266255 USDC)
5% from mid: 56.74 USDC (shortened; full value 56.7410948873072392934318724126 USDC)
10% from mid: 85.25 USDC (shortened; full value 85.2516074124302532628535218775 USDC)

501 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.

One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREME

throughout

Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCT

throughout

Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGH

throughout

Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAP

489 of 501

Extreme spreadnowSPREAD_EXTREME

461 of 501

Price sources disagreenowPRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICT

7 of 501

Nothing tradable within 2%ZERO_DEPTH_2PCT

241 of 501

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only: 5,212.04 USDC (shortened; full value 5212.0475955 USDC)
The target is reachable through the order book
Genuine volume in the oracle window: 0 USDC
Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter
Cost against genuine volume: not computed
Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable
Total attack cost: 5,212.04 USDC (shortened; full value 5212.0475955 USDC)
The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh