Keel — Stellar liquidity risk

AUDD / USDC

GDC7…2EEU

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral: 59.54 USDC (shortened; full value 59.5427093622320464803312875 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%: buy240.57 USDC (shortened; full value 240.5758686807870447191419001748 USDC)sell233.22 USDC (shortened; full value 233.224730057988595496183262159892959713311631097092 USDC)
Cost to move +50%: 238.17 USDC (shortened; full value 238.17083744892818592132515 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks: 5 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window

Resolution

Source

What an order can absorb before the price moves against a buyer. The rungs are nested, so one scale covers all three.

Higher at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest: 0 USDC
Highest: 477.95 USDC (shortened; full value 477.9501850355323237197053214085 USDC)

2026-10-26T22:53:28Z — 2026-11-02T21:53:29ZOne scale across every line on this chart

2% from mid: 100.62 USDC (shortened; full value 100.6223561494795860422189165771 USDC)
5% from mid: 240.57 USDC (shortened; full value 240.5758686807870447191419001748 USDC)
10% from mid: 469.46 USDC (shortened; full value 469.4604079841208754233547818139 USDC)

168 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.

Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAP

throughout

Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOW

throughout

One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREME

throughout

Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCT

throughout

Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGH

throughout

Nothing tradable within 2%ZERO_DEPTH_2PCT

5 of 168

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only: 238.17 USDC (shortened; full value 238.17083744892818592132515 USDC)
The target is reachable through the order book
Genuine volume in the oracle window: 0 USDC
Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter
Cost against genuine volume: not computed
Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable
Total attack cost: 238.17 USDC (shortened; full value 238.17083744892818592132515 USDC)
The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh