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keel
Ledger
65,294,426
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
12s

XAU against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

XAU / USDC

GBCB…LXAU

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
12.60 USDC (shortened; full value 12.601617150002128430125 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy40.69 USDC (shortened; full value 40.699572970070773743736383729 USDC)sell0 USDC
Cost to move +50%
50.40 USDC (shortened; full value 50.4064686000085137205 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
3 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Cost to move the price 50%

The stored series carries one manipulation rung, the +50% move. A reading the engine could not produce breaks the line rather than sitting at zero.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
50.40 USDC (shortened; full value 50.4064686000085137205 USDC)
Highest
50.43 USDC (shortened; full value 50.4314155999943490034 USDC)
2026-10-28T02:54:33Z — 2026-11-04T01:54:34Z
Cost to move +50%
50.40 USDC (shortened; full value 50.4064686000085137205 USDC)
168 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Nothing tradable within 2%nowZERO_DEPTH_2PCT167 of 168
Price sources disagreePRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICT1 of 168
Extreme spreadSPREAD_EXTREME1 of 168

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
50.40 USDC (shortened; full value 50.4064686000085137205 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
50.40 USDC (shortened; full value 50.4064686000085137205 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh