Skip to content
keel
Ledger
65,295,146
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
6s

VAQM against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

VAQM / USDC

GC2B…BVCD

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
6.33 USDC (shortened; full value 6.3313251752876855425240735047748500249980903596875 USDC)Limited by liquidation depth
Depth within 5%
buy803.05 USDC (shortened; full value 803.0530501609853829377637086153 USDC)sell3.12 USDC (shortened; full value 3.12066128303966662730013558355301303743591175865 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
787.72 USDC (shortened; full value 787.7233777068 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
6 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Cost to move the price 50%

The stored series carries one manipulation rung, the +50% move. A reading the engine could not produce breaks the line rather than sitting at zero.

Higher at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
764.76 USDC (shortened; full value 764.76460592322 USDC)
Highest
787.72 USDC (shortened; full value 787.7233777068 USDC)
2026-10-05T03:54:27Z — 2026-10-25T22:54:28Z
Cost to move +50%
787.72 USDC (shortened; full value 787.7233777068 USDC)
500 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOWthroughout
One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREMEthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGHthroughout
Nothing tradable within 2%nowZERO_DEPTH_2PCT31 of 500
Price sources disagreePRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICT357 of 500
Extreme spreadSPREAD_EXTREME357 of 500

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
787.72 USDC (shortened; full value 787.7233777068 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
787.72 USDC (shortened; full value 787.7233777068 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh