Skip to content
keel
Ledger
65,294,426
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
6s

USDZ against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

USDZ / USDC

GAKT…6XPR

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
1,048.16 USDC (shortened; full value 1048.1641779927984757758301275 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy4,650.13 USDC (shortened; full value 4650.1399259082396410899844645886 USDC)sell3,881.21 USDC (shortened; full value 3881.214660412402319536655949454402903581126027030368 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
4,192.65 USDC (shortened; full value 4192.65671197119390310332051 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
2 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Cost to move the price 50%

The stored series carries one manipulation rung, the +50% move. A reading the engine could not produce breaks the line rather than sitting at zero.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
3,445.18 USDC (shortened; full value 3445.189292185541711 USDC)
Highest
4,851.68 USDC (shortened; full value 4851.68526323953459214005011 USDC)
2026-10-28T02:54:28Z — 2026-11-04T01:54:29Z
Cost to move +50%
4,192.65 USDC (shortened; full value 4192.65671197119390310332051 USDC)
168 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
4,192.65 USDC (shortened; full value 4192.65671197119390310332051 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
4,192.65 USDC (shortened; full value 4192.65671197119390310332051 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh