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keel
Ledger
65,295,146
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
4s

USDZ against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

USDZ / USDC

GAKT…6XPR

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
1,039.86 USDC (shortened; full value 1039.8632738225335481645223275 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy4,616.93 USDC (shortened; full value 4616.9363092271799306447532645886 USDC)sell3,881.21 USDC (shortened; full value 3881.214660412402319536655949454402903581126027030368 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
4,159.45 USDC (shortened; full value 4159.45309529013419265808931 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
2 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Collateral ceiling

The most this asset could back at each reading: the lower of the liquidation and manipulation limits.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
877.13 USDC (shortened; full value 877.1381249195016875035145025 USDC)
Highest
1,188.05 USDC (shortened; full value 1188.053776874316286353161915 USDC)
2026-10-28T23:54:28Z — 2026-11-04T02:54:24Z
Max safe collateral
1,048.35 USDC (shortened; full value 1048.3504022325647858971830725 USDC)
8 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
4,159.45 USDC (shortened; full value 4159.45309529013419265808931 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
114.14 USDC (shortened; full value 114.144133 USDC)

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
36.4403 (shortened; full value 36.4403582205152339512543260546)

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
4,273.59 USDC (shortened; full value 4273.59722829013419265808931 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh