UAF against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?
Risk band
Critical
partial confidence
A floor: the real band can only be worse.
- Max safe collateral
- 0 USDCLimited by manipulation cost
- Depth within 5%
- buy13.50 USDC (shortened; full value 13.502585800692157623758263385 USDC)sell13.76 USDC (shortened; full value 13.761642953828968461127920121359198556924247298833 USDC)
- Cost to move +50%
- 0 USDCReachable at no cost: nothing stands in the way
- Checks
- 4 triggered5 not evaluated
History
Every stored reading from this source, whenever it was taken
A reconstruction is written where a replay ran rather than on the scan's cadence, so there is no window to choose: the engine returns the readings it holds and the axis below is labelled from them.
This source is a lower bound, not a measurement
Trades-implied rebuilds the book from trades that happened, so every figure below is a floor: the real value is at least this, and may be more. It is not comparable with a direct reading.
No readings were stored in this range from this source
The engine holds no stored reading for Trades implied on this asset. A reconstruction exists only where keel replay has been run, and it has been run on one pair.
Checks
Triggered4
- Cheap to move the price
- Cheap next to real trading
- Thin depth at 5%
- Supply is concentrated
Not evaluated5
- Price sources disagree
- Extreme spread
- No genuine trade in 30 days
- No genuine trade in 7 days
- Volume may be wash traded
Evidence
The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.
Read cost together with reachability: a figure on an unreachable rung says how far the book goes, not what the move costs.
| Move | Target price | Cost, all venues | Cost, order book only |
|---|---|---|---|
| +50% | 0.00000071 USDC (shortened; full value 0.0000007149056415 USDC) | 122.88 USDC (shortened; full value 122.8842881875056747902450447253 USDC) | free to reach |
| +100% | 0.00000095 USDC (shortened; full value 0.000000953207522 USDC) | 226.48 USDC (shortened; full value 226.4805352605420370475644307641 USDC) | free to reach |
| +1,000% | 0.000005 USDC (shortened; full value 0.000005242641371 USDC) | 1,266.66 USDC (shortened; full value 1266.6664498178477290183470933932 USDC) | free to reach |
| +10,000% | 0.000048 USDC (shortened; full value 0.000048136979861 USDC) | 4,948.22 USDC (shortened; full value 4948.2223337119117500551537243434 USDC) | 0.00030 USDC (shortened; full value 0.00030310000142 USDC) |
Reachability on the all-venues ladder is unconditionally true whenever an active pool exists, because a constant product curve has no upper price bound. The order-book-only column is the one that answers whether a target is attainable, and it is the one Keel itself uses.
- Highest price the book can reach
- not computed
Absorbing every ask. Not computed when an active pool exists, because a constant product curve has no highest price
- Cost to reach it
- not computed
Every ask below that price. Catches an attack that lands between two rungs of the ladder