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keel
Ledger
65,279,656
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
6s

FRED against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

FRED / USDC

GCA7…ZLV6

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
0.27 USDC (shortened; full value 0.2750000000000054737408 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy20.50 USDC (shortened; full value 20.5037488151692870875630047032 USDC)sell20.89 USDC (shortened; full value 20.897128488892058990287399631701435967930637781408 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
1.10 USDC (shortened; full value 1.1000000000000218949632 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
5 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Buy-side depth

What an order can absorb before the price moves against a buyer. The rungs are nested, so one scale covers all three.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
8.26 USDC (shortened; full value 8.2616851416562169038928431578 USDC)
Highest
40.64 USDC (shortened; full value 40.6456870606767714889206592237 USDC)
2026-11-02T23:53:39Z — 2026-11-03T05:23:39ZOne scale across every line on this chart
2% from mid
8.26 USDC (shortened; full value 8.2616851416562169038928431578 USDC)
5% from mid
20.50 USDC (shortened; full value 20.5038011925102798826222985055 USDC)
10% from mid
40.52 USDC (shortened; full value 40.5249570871925888240113351911 USDC)
2 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOWthroughout
Price sources disagreenowPRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICTthroughout
Extreme spreadnowSPREAD_EXTREMEthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
1.10 USDC (shortened; full value 1.1000000000000218949632 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
1.10 USDC (shortened; full value 1.1000000000000218949632 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh