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keel
Ledger
65,279,655
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
7s

ETH against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

ETH / USDC

GBFX…SOCC

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
28.70 USDC (shortened; full value 28.706467979490491445300892158834741902189077244814 USDC)Limited by liquidation depth
Depth within 5%
buy27.79 USDC (shortened; full value 27.7952817071553712242630292507 USDC)sell28.32 USDC (shortened; full value 28.328554863569769782096246234236759213716045983717 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
5,212.04 USDC (shortened; full value 5212.0475955 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
6 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Cost to move the price 50%

The stored series carries one manipulation rung, the +50% move. A reading the engine could not produce breaks the line rather than sitting at zero.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
5,212.92 USDC (shortened; full value 5212.9216352 USDC)
Highest
18,708.88 USDC (shortened; full value 18708.8847093 USDC)
2026-10-04T05:53:37Z — 2026-10-25T01:23:33Z
Cost to move +50%
6,978.16 USDC (shortened; full value 6978.1642256 USDC)
501 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREMEthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGHthroughout
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAP489 of 501
Extreme spreadnowSPREAD_EXTREME461 of 501
Price sources disagreenowPRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICT7 of 501
Nothing tradable within 2%ZERO_DEPTH_2PCT241 of 501

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
5,212.04 USDC (shortened; full value 5212.0475955 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
5,212.04 USDC (shortened; full value 5212.0475955 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh