Keel — Stellar liquidity risk

ETH / USDC

GBFX…SOCC

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral: 28.70 USDC (shortened; full value 28.706467979490491445300892158834741902189077244814 USDC)Limited by liquidation depth
Depth within 5%: buy27.79 USDC (shortened; full value 27.7952817071553712242630292507 USDC)sell28.32 USDC (shortened; full value 28.328554863569769782096246234236759213716045983717 USDC)
Cost to move +50%: 5,212.04 USDC (shortened; full value 5212.0475955 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks: 6 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window

Resolution

Source

The most this asset could back at each reading: the lower of the liquidation and manipulation limits.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest: 14.41 USDC (shortened; full value 14.416833964663777802172082532274028753798551651533 USDC)
Highest: 264.46 USDC (shortened; full value 264.465623101108312888915509758126232982979647228408 USDC)

2026-10-04T05:53:37Z — 2026-10-25T01:23:33Z

Max safe collateral: 16.91 USDC (shortened; full value 16.918463806509332577809144256525481605389768842488 USDC)

501 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.

One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREME

throughout

Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCT

throughout

Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGH

throughout

Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAP

489 of 501

Extreme spreadnowSPREAD_EXTREME

461 of 501

Price sources disagreenowPRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICT

7 of 501

Nothing tradable within 2%ZERO_DEPTH_2PCT

241 of 501

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only: 5,212.04 USDC (shortened; full value 5212.0475955 USDC)
The target is reachable through the order book
Genuine volume in the oracle window: 0 USDC
Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter
Cost against genuine volume: not computed
Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable
Total attack cost: 5,212.04 USDC (shortened; full value 5212.0475955 USDC)
The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh