Keel — Stellar liquidity risk

AUDD / USDC

GDC7…2EEU

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral: 59.45 USDC (shortened; full value 59.458001161610981391993315 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%: buy234.40 USDC (shortened; full value 234.4068480704540468375917238782 USDC)sell238.90 USDC (shortened; full value 238.909828765387098200117956146040053323136419564572 USDC)
Cost to move +50%: 237.83 USDC (shortened; full value 237.83200464644392556797326 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks: 5 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window

Resolution

Source

What an order can absorb before the price moves against a buyer. The rungs are nested, so one scale covers all three.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest: 85.37 USDC (shortened; full value 85.3779585802605594057043088882 USDC)
Highest: 467.34 USDC (shortened; full value 467.3492971648286358721060206723 USDC)

2026-10-04T23:53:27Z — 2026-10-24T19:53:28ZOne scale across every line on this chart

2% from mid: 91.60 USDC (shortened; full value 91.6048560869429929975799132263 USDC)
5% from mid: 231.49 USDC (shortened; full value 231.4920346238299360240930527195 USDC)
10% from mid: 460.26 USDC (shortened; full value 460.2680891490507968325915814252 USDC)

21 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.

Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAP

throughout

Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOW

throughout

One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREME

throughout

Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCT

throughout

Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGH

throughout

Price sources disagreePRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICT

1 of 21

Extreme spreadSPREAD_EXTREME

1 of 21

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only: 237.83 USDC (shortened; full value 237.83200464644392556797326 USDC)
The target is reachable through the order book
Genuine volume in the oracle window: 0 USDC
Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter
Cost against genuine volume: not computed
Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable
Total attack cost: 237.83 USDC (shortened; full value 237.83200464644392556797326 USDC)
The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh