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keel
Ledger
65,278,933
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
6s

AMM against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

AMM / USDC

GARQ…BDOQ

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
0 USDCLimited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy17.71 USDC (shortened; full value 17.718568522948808926413579615 USDC)sell55.61 USDC (shortened; full value 55.61058544267650923870120476240889423726805158161 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
0 USDCReachable at no cost: nothing stands in the way
Checks
7 triggered3 not evaluated

Price

The midpoint the engine read at each scan. It says what the market quotes, not what it can absorb.

Unchanged across the window

Lowest
0.00141666 USDC (shortened; full value 0.00141666666666665 USDC)
Highest
0.00141666 USDC (shortened; full value 0.00141666666666665 USDC)
2026-11-02T04:53:24Z — 2026-11-03T04:23:24Z
Mid price
0.00141666 USDC (shortened; full value 0.00141666666666665 USDC)
25 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Nothing tradable within 2%nowZERO_DEPTH_2PCTthroughout
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOWthroughout
Extreme spreadnowSPREAD_EXTREMEthroughout
One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREMEthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGHthroughout

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
0 USDC

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
0 USDC

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh